Physical Development:Infancy through Preschool

Adapted from: ParentLink, 4-H/Youth Development, University of Missouri-Columbia

Physical development takes place quickly in the lives of children. The infant who was once immobile turns into the toddler who seems to be always on the move. Children differ in how quickly they develop large motor skills. This development occurs in stages, each one building upon the previous ones. The rate of this development is less important than the sequence. An environment that encourages physical development through exploration is important for children of all ages.

Developmental milestones in physical growth that occurs during the first five years

First year:

• Birth-2 months: babies focus on your face when you talk; arm and leg movements appear to be uncoordinated; weak neck muscles mean that babies cannot control their head movements.
• 3-4 months: babies begin to develop head control and can lift their chests when placed on their stomachs. While you should let your baby have some supervised playtime on her stomach, ALWAYS place your child on her back to sleep.
• 4-5 months: babies roll from side to back and/or from back to side.
• 6-7 months: babies can turn completely over (front to back and/or back to front).
• 7 months: babies can pull themselves up to stand but have trouble sitting down again.
• 7-8 months: babies can sit up steadily with the support of their arms.
• 8-10 months: babies can creep on their stomachs or begin to crawl on their hands and knees. (Some babies do not learn to crawl until after they learn to stand.)
• 9-11 months: babies can walk when led by the hands or "cruise" holding onto furniture.
• 12-15 months: babies can stand without holding on to anything and begin walking.

1-3 years:

• 18 months: toddlers are walking well, both forward and backwards; they can creep down stairs and get on and off a low chair; they can throw a ball without losing balance.
• 24 months: children are able to run and climb.
• 36 months: children are refining large motor skills; they can alternate feet while climbing stairs, ride a tricycle, jump and balance on one foot. They can throw a ball overhand.
• 36-48 months: children can run and skip well, play simple ball games, and are skilled tricycle riders.
• 48-60 months: children can hop, skip, run, play with a ball, and climb.

3-5 years:

• Moves from one point to another. Controls body movements. Uses large-muscle movements to manipulate objects.
• Uses fingers and hands to accomplish fine motor tasks. Uses tools in a functional manner.
• Exhibits coordination of facial muscles
• Exhibits sensory awareness. Exhibits body awareness.
• Exhibits spatial awareness. Exhibits temporal awareness.
• Shows independence in personal hygiene.
• Chooses to participate in daily physical activity.
• Exhibits body strength and endurance.
• Listens to and follows adult directions during emergencies.
• Aware of safety procedures, recognizes personal danger, knows when to seek help.

Come and join the ECE staff on Thursday, October 18, 2007 as we discuss and share activities to encourage healthy physical development.